Misuse and incidents

OpenAI disrupts five state-backed groups using its models for cyber operations

OpenAI and Microsoft identified and disrupted five state-affiliated threat groups that used OpenAI services for reconnaissance, translation, scripting, code debugging and phishing-related content.

CURRENT ASSESSMENT · REVISION 1
TOWARD DOOM47confidence 98/100

Why it moved the index

Observed use by multiple state-backed groups established practical cyber-misuse demand, although OpenAI assessed the capability uplift as limited and incremental.

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Assessment history

  1. R1
    Toward 47 · confidence 98

    New February 2024 observed state-affiliated AI cyber misuse and disruption.

    12 Aug 2026